Krause E, Gürkov R
[Local botulinum neurotoxin A therapy in tardive lingual dyskinesia] [Case Reports, English Abstract, Journal Article]
Laryngorhinootologie 2009 Aug; 88(8):508-10.
Tardive dyskinesia syndromes in the head and neck region may appear as adverse effects of psychopharmacotherapy. They are caused by blockage of central dopamine receptors. Oftentimes, these disorders persist even after discontinuation of the antipsychotic medication, and they are disabling the patients functionally and psychosocially. Medical therapeutic efforts with different psychopharmaceuticals, benzodiazepines or vitamin-E-preparations are frequently unsuccessful. Local application of botulinum neurotoxin A offers a new treatment modality, which can target the overshooting dysfunction directly at the peripheral muscle.
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